What complications can arise from severe ruminal acidosis besides dehydration?

• A. Ruminal parakeratosis, laminitis, hepatic abscesses, electrolyte disturbances, and potential organ failure.
• B. Only dehydration.
• C. Decreased appetite with hair loss.
• D. Increased energy and weight gain.

Answer: (C)

Severe ruminal acidosis sets off a chain of problems beyond just dehydration. The extreme acidity damages the rumen lining, leading to parakeratosis of the rumen epithelium, which weakens the barrier and can worsen local injury and microbial translocation. This breach allows toxins and bacteria to enter the bloodstream, fueling systemic inflammation and endotoxemia. That inflammatory state can trigger laminitis, a painful inflammation of the hoof structures, and can also lead to hepatic abscesses as bacteria migrate via the portal circulation to the liver. The acid-base disturbance from the acidosis goes hand in hand with electrolyte imbalances, which can compromise organ function and raise the risk of kidney or liver problems if the condition is not managed. Appetite may decline during illness, but hair loss is not a typical direct consequence of acute severe ruminal acidosis, and the idea of energy and weight gain would not fit the course of this illness.